10 Historical Sites You Can’t Miss in Iraq

Iraq is often referred to as the cradle of civilization, rich in history and culture that dates back thousands of years. From ancient empires to modern history, the country is home to many fascinating historical sites. In this guide, we’ll explore ten must-visit historical locations in Iraq, each with its unique story and significance. Whether you’re a history buff, a cultural enthusiast, or simply a curious traveller, these sites will leave you in awe of Iraq’s past.

1. The Ziggurat of Ur

The Ziggurat of Ur is one of the most iconic structures in ancient Mesopotamia, located near the modern city of Nasiriyah. Built around 2100 BCE, this massive stepped pyramid was dedicated to Nanna, the moon god. The Ziggurat’s impressive height and intricate architecture exemplify the engineering prowess of the Sumerians.

Visitors can explore the remains of this ancient temple complex, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The best time to visit is from October to March when the weather is cooler. For more information about planning your visit, check out our complete guide to visiting Iraq.

2. Babylon

The ancient city of Babylon, once the heart of the Babylonian Empire, is located near modern Hillah. Famous for the Hanging Gardens (one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World), Babylon is rich in archaeological significance. The Ishtar Gate, adorned with beautiful blue tiles and images of dragons and bulls, is a highlight for visitors.

Today, you can explore the ruins of the city, including the remains of temples, palaces, and ancient walls. Don’t miss the opportunity to learn about Babylon’s fascinating history in our article on the top 10 reasons to visit Iraq in 2024.

3. The Marshlands of Southern Iraq

Known as the home of the Sumerians, the Marshlands are a unique ecological and historical area that showcases Iraq’s natural beauty and cultural heritage. Once the largest wetlands in the Middle East, the marshes are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Visitors can take boat tours through the lush vegetation, explore ancient reed houses, and discover the rich biodiversity that thrives in this region. For tips on exploring this hidden gem, check out our guide on the majestic marshlands of Southern Iraq.

4. Nineveh

Nineveh, the ancient capital of the Assyrian Empire, is located near modern-day Mosul. This historic city was once one of the largest in the world and is home to several significant archaeological sites. The ruins include the impressive walls of Nineveh, the city gates, and the remains of grand palaces.

Visitors can explore the remnants of the ancient city and learn about its history, including the famous story of Jonah. For a comprehensive guide to Mosul, check our article on what to see and do in Mosul.

5. The Royal Cemetery of Ur

Adjacent to the Ziggurat of Ur, the Royal Cemetery of Ur is one of the most important archaeological sites in Iraq. Dating back to the early dynastic period, the cemetery contains the tombs of ancient Sumerian royalty, many of which are richly adorned with gold and precious artifacts.

The excavation of these tombs has provided invaluable insights into the burial practices and daily life of the Sumerians. Visitors can explore the site and appreciate the historical significance of these ancient graves.

6. Karbala

Karbala is a sacred city for millions of Muslims around the world, particularly Shia Muslims. The city is best known for the Battle of Karbala, which took place in 680 CE and holds deep religious significance. The Imam Hussein Shrine is a major pilgrimage destination, attracting visitors year-round.

The site features stunning architecture and offers a peaceful atmosphere for reflection. For more on Karbala’s importance, refer to our article on Karbala – A sacred city for religious tourists.

7. Najaf

Najaf is another important religious city, especially for Shia Muslims, as it is the burial place of Imam Ali, the first cousin of Prophet Muhammad and the fourth caliph. The Imam Ali Shrine is a stunning example of Islamic architecture, with its golden dome and intricate tile work.

Visitors to Najaf can engage in spiritual reflection and participate in religious activities. For insights into visiting this holy city, check our guide on Najaf: A holy city and pilgrimage destination.

8. The Citadel of Erbil

The Citadel of Erbil is one of the oldest continuously inhabited sites in the world, with a history spanning over 6,000 years. Located in the heart of Erbil, the citadel is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and offers breathtaking views of the surrounding city.

The citadel’s narrow alleys and ancient architecture provide a glimpse into the rich history of the Kurdish region. Visitors can explore the museums within the citadel and enjoy local cuisine in nearby restaurants. For more on Erbil, visit our article on discovering Erbil: A modern city with an ancient heart.

9. The Great Mosque of Samarra

The Great Mosque of Samarra, also known as the Al-Askari Mosque, is an architectural marvel and a significant religious site for Shia Muslims. The mosque features a unique spiral minaret, known as the Malwiya Tower, which stands 52 metres tall.

Although it was damaged in the early 2000s, the mosque remains an important pilgrimage site, symbolising Iraq’s rich Islamic heritage. For further details, see our overview on is Iraq safe for tourists? A detailed overview.

10. The Ruins of Hatra

Hatra is an ancient city located in the desert of Northern Iraq, known for its impressive Greco-Roman architecture and monumental temples. Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Hatra was once a thriving centre of commerce and culture.

Visitors can explore the ruins, which include temples dedicated to the sun god Shamash and other deities. The blend of architectural styles reflects the city’s historical significance as a crossroads of different cultures. To learn more about visiting Iraq, check our article on how to travel to Iraq from the UK: A complete guide.

Historical Site	Location	Significance	Best Time to Visit
Ziggurat of Ur	Near Nasiriyah	Ancient Sumerian temple dedicated to the moon god Nanna.	October to March
Babylon	Near Hillah	Heart of the Babylonian Empire; home to the Hanging Gardens.	October to March
Marshlands of Southern Iraq	Southern Iraq	Unique wetlands with rich biodiversity and ancient heritage.	November to April
Nineveh	Near Mosul	Ancient Assyrian capital with significant archaeological sites.	March to November
Royal Cemetery of Ur	Near Nasiriyah	Tombs of Sumerian royalty with rich artifacts.	October to March
Karbala	Karbala	Sacred city for Shia Muslims; site of the Battle of Karbala.	Year-round (especially during Ashura)
Najaf	Najaf	Burial site of Imam Ali; important Shia pilgrimage location.	Year-round
Citadel of Erbil	Erbil	One of the oldest continuously inhabited sites in the world.	March to May, September to November
Great Mosque of Samarra	Samarra	Architectural marvel with a famous spiral minaret.	October to April
Ruins of Hatra	Near Mosul	Ancient city with Greco-Roman architectural influence.	October to April

Conclusion

Iraq is a treasure trove of historical sites, each offering a unique glimpse into the past. From ancient ruins to sacred cities, these ten locations are essential stops for anyone looking to understand the rich tapestry of Iraq’s history and culture. Whether you’re drawn by the allure of ancient civilizations or the spiritual significance of religious sites, Iraq’s historical treasures await your discovery. For more travel tips and insights, refer to our articles on essential travel tips for first-time visitors to Iraq and budget travel in Iraq: How much should you plan to spend?.