Discovering Erbil – A Modern City with an Ancient Heart

Erbil, also known as Hawler, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It has a unique combination of modern development and ancient history, making it a captivating destination for travellers. As the capital of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Erbil offers the best of both worlds—a modern city filled with luxurious shopping malls, hotels, and restaurants, alongside a historical centre with deep cultural roots.

This article will take you through what makes Erbil such a special place, its historical significance, and what you can expect during your visit. Whether you’re a history buff or a modern traveller looking for new experiences, Erbil offers an exciting and safe opportunity to explore Iraq.

The Ancient Citadel of Erbil

One of Erbil’s most iconic landmarks is the ancient Citadel, which is believed to be over 6,000 years old. The Erbil Citadel, a UNESCO World Heritage site, stands proudly in the heart of the city. It sits atop a large hill, offering panoramic views of the surrounding areas.

The Citadel has been home to many ancient civilisations, including the Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and Persians. Today, the Citadel is a treasure trove of historical artefacts, ancient architecture, and archaeological sites that give visitors a glimpse into Erbil’s rich history.

To learn more about other ancient wonders in Iraq, check out our guide on Exploring the Ancient City of Babylon: A Traveller’s Guide.

Modern Erbil: A Thriving Metropolis

While Erbil’s ancient roots are undeniable, the city has undergone significant modernisation, making it a key commercial and cultural hub in Iraq. Modern skyscrapers, high-end hotels, and shopping centres like Majidi Mall and Family Mall have become integral parts of Erbil’s skyline.

Visitors will find a wide range of restaurants, cafes, and entertainment options in Erbil. The city’s booming economy, driven by oil and commerce, has transformed it into a safe and prosperous destination for travellers. Many multinational companies operate here, and the Kurdistan Region’s semi-autonomous government ensures that Erbil is more stable compared to other parts of Iraq.

For more information on how to safely plan your trip, refer to our Complete Guide to Visiting Iraq: What You Need to Know.

Key Attractions in Erbil

Erbil is filled with attractions that cater to a wide range of interests. From museums to parks, here’s a list of must-visit spots in the city:

1. The Erbil Citadel

• A visit to the Erbil Citadel is a must. You can explore the ancient fortress, stroll through its narrow streets, and visit its museums. The Citadel houses the Kurdish Textile Museum, which showcases the history and art of Kurdish weaving.

2. Sami Abdulrahman Park

• For a peaceful break from the city, visit Sami Abdulrahman Park. This expansive green space is one of the largest parks in the Middle East, offering beautiful landscapes, lakes, and walking trails. It’s a great spot for families and those looking to unwind.

3. Jalil Khayat Mosque

• This stunning mosque is an architectural marvel with its intricate designs and large dome. It’s one of the largest mosques in Erbil and is open to visitors outside prayer times.

To get more insights into what you can see and do in Erbil, check out our Top 10 Tourist Attractions in Baghdad for a comparison between Iraq’s two main cities.

Shopping and Dining in Erbil

For travellers who love shopping, Erbil is home to a variety of shopping malls and traditional markets (souks). While the malls offer a range of international brands, the souks provide an authentic Kurdish shopping experience.

Shopping Malls

• Majidi Mall and Family Mall are the two most popular malls, offering everything from clothing to electronics. These modern shopping centres also have food courts with a wide variety of dining options.

Erbil Souk

• Located near the Citadel, the Erbil Souk is a bustling market where you can find traditional Kurdish clothing, handmade crafts, spices, and souvenirs. Bargaining is part of the shopping culture here, so be prepared to haggle for the best prices.

When it comes to dining, Erbil offers a range of options, from traditional Kurdish dishes to international cuisines. Don’t leave without trying dolma, a Kurdish specialty consisting of stuffed grape leaves, and kebab, which is served with flatbread and salad.

For more budget-friendly travel tips, be sure to visit our Budget Travel in Iraq: How Much Should You Plan to Spend article.

Best Time to Visit Erbil

Like the rest of Iraq, Erbil experiences extreme temperatures during the summer months, with temperatures often exceeding 40°C. The best time to visit is during the spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) when the weather is milder.

During these months, the city is pleasant, and you can comfortably explore its outdoor attractions, including the Citadel and parks. The cooler seasons also coincide with important cultural and religious festivals in Erbil.

For more on the weather and seasonal highlights across Iraq, check out our article on the Best Time to Visit Iraq: Weather and Seasonal Highlights.

Accommodation in Erbil

Erbil offers a range of accommodation options, from luxury hotels to budget-friendly guesthouses. Whether you’re looking for a five-star experience or something more affordable, there’s something for everyone.

Luxury Hotels

• For travellers seeking comfort and convenience, hotels like Erbil Rotana and Divan Erbil provide world-class amenities, including fine dining, spas, and swimming pools.

Mid-Range Options

• Hotels like Cristal Erbil Hotel and Lamassu Hotel offer comfortable stays at more affordable prices while still providing good services and amenities.

Budget Options

• If you’re travelling on a budget, there are plenty of guesthouses and smaller hotels in the city that offer clean and affordable accommodation.

To get more insights into where to stay in Iraq, refer to our How to Travel to Iraq from the UK: A Complete Guide.

Is Erbil Safe for Tourists?

Erbil is considered one of the safest cities in Iraq for tourists. The Kurdistan Region has its own security forces and operates relatively independently from the central government. This has allowed the region, and particularly Erbil, to remain peaceful and stable compared to other areas of Iraq.

However, it’s always a good idea to stay updated on travel advisories and to exercise caution, especially if you’re travelling to more remote areas outside of the city.

For more information on travel safety in Iraq, visit our detailed article Is Iraq Safe for Tourists? A Detailed Overview.

Transportation in Erbil

Erbil is well-connected, with Erbil International Airport serving as the main gateway to the city. The airport is just a 15-minute drive from the city centre, and taxis are readily available.

Getting Around Erbil

• Taxis are the most common way to get around Erbil, and they’re relatively affordable. It’s important to agree on a fare before starting your journey, as many taxis don’t use meters.

Public Transport

• While there is limited public transport within the city, most visitors prefer taxis or private cars for getting around. If you’re planning to explore outside Erbil, renting a car with a driver is recommended.

For more essential travel tips, check out our Essential Travel Tips for First-Time Visitors to Iraq.

Category	Details
Location	Erbil is located in the Kurdistan Region of northern Iraq.
Population	Approximately 1.5 million (as of the latest census).
Languages Spoken	Kurdish (Sorani), Arabic, English (widely spoken in urban areas).
Currency	Iraqi Dinar (IQD).
Major Attractions	Erbil Citadel, Sami Abdulrahman Park, Jalil Khayat Mosque, Erbil Souk.
Best Time to Visit	Spring (March-May) and Autumn (September-November) for mild weather.
Airport	Erbil International Airport (EIA), 15 minutes from the city centre.
Accommodation Options	Luxury: Erbil Rotana, Divan Erbil; Mid-range: Cristal Erbil Hotel, Lamassu Hotel; Budget: Local guesthouses.
Safety	Considered one of the safest cities in Iraq, particularly within the Kurdistan Region.
Transport Options	Taxis are the primary mode of transportation; car rentals available for longer journeys.
Local Cuisine	Dolma (stuffed grape leaves), kebab, flatbread, and Kurdish sweets.
UNESCO World Heritage Site	The Erbil Citadel is a UNESCO World Heritage site, reflecting its 6,000 years of history.

Conclusion

Erbil is a city where ancient history meets modern development. Whether you’re exploring the historical Citadel, enjoying a leisurely day in Sami Abdulrahman Park, or shopping in the city’s modern malls, Erbil has something for everyone. It’s the perfect introduction to Iraq, offering both safety and rich cultural experiences.

If you’re planning a trip to Iraq, don’t forget to check out our How to Plan a Safe and Enjoyable Trip to Iraq for more tips and advice.